头怎么又痒了？！：头皮瘙痒病因及治疗概览

头皮瘙痒是一种常见的症状，可由皮肤病，接触性过敏，神经系统疾病，精神病/躯体形式和全身性疾病引起。在日常临床实践中，头皮瘙痒是诊断和治疗的挑战，特别是当头皮上无明显皮损时。要摆脱瘙痒，首先找出你头皮瘙痒的原因是什么。

接下来让我们一起看一看常见头皮瘙痒原因和治疗方法。

Scalp pruritus is a frequent symptom and can be caused by dermatologic diseases, contact allergies, neurologic, psychiatric/somatoform and systemic diseases. In daily clinical practice scalp pruritus is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, especially if no detectable lesions are present. Getting rid of the itch begins with finding out why your scalp itches.

01

脂溢性皮炎（头皮屑）

seborrheic dermatitis(dandruff)

                                        

头皮屑及头皮油脂分泌增多、出现片状的皮屑，并伴有瘙痒。脂溢性皮炎在此基础上会出现红斑、丘疹。如果你有头皮屑，使用去屑洗发水和头皮护理可以帮助缓解。而脂溢性皮炎需要外用药物治疗。

Dandruff is a condition of the scalp that causes oversecretion of sebum and flakes of skin to appear, and is often accompanied by itching. If progressing to seborrheic dermatitis, there can appear red bumps and plaques on the scalp. If you have dandruff, using a dandruff shampoo and scalp treatments can help to get relief. You may need topical treatments for seborrheic dermatitis.

02

过敏性接触性皮炎 Allergic contact dermatitis

它是4型或迟发型超敏反应，发生在接触过敏原后48-72小时。它是由你的身体对直接接触皮肤的东西的产生异常免疫反应引起的。避免刺激物或过敏原接触后皮疹应该在两到四周内消失。保湿霜或药物可以帮助减少瘙痒。

It is a type 4 or delayed hypersensitivity reaction and occurs 48–72 hours after exposure to the allergen. It’s caused by your body's abnormal immune reaction to something that directly contacts the skin. Avoiding the irritant or allergen should allow the rash to clear in two to four weeks. Creams or medications can help reduce itching.

03

荨麻疹 Urticaria

也被称为风疹，是一种突然爆发的肿胀、浅红色丘疹或斑块（风团），是由于身体对某些过敏原的反应导致，或原因不明。荨麻疹通常会引起瘙痒，但也可能有烧灼感或刺痛。患者通常不经治疗就会消失，但抗组胺药物通常有助于改善症状。

Also known as hives, is an outbreak of swollen, pale red bumps or plaques (wheals) on the skin that appear suddenly -- either as a result of the body's reaction to certain allergens, or for unknown reasons. Hives usually cause itching, but may also burn or sting.Hives usually go away without treatment, but antihistamine medications are often helpful in improving symptoms.

04

头虱 Head lice

头虱是无翅昆虫，一生都在人类头皮上，只依靠食用人体血液生存。它们是小的、黄白色的昆虫，大小与芝麻一样大。症状包括头皮瘙痒，头皮和头发上可见虱卵和虱子。药物洗发水通常有帮助，但虱子可能对某些药物产生抵抗。有时需要在连续10多天内耐心地梳理和去除头皮上的虱子。

Head lice are wingless insects spending their entire lives on the human scalp and feeding exclusively on human blood. They are small, yellowish-white insects about the size of a sesame seed. Symptoms include itching, visible lice on the scalp, and lice eggs (nits) on the hair shafts. Medicated shampoos often help, but lice are becoming resistant to some. Patiently combing and removing nits, sometimes over several days, is sometimes necessary.

05

疥疮 Scabies

由微小的穴居螨引起的可传染的、剧烈瘙痒的皮肤病。疥疮最常见的症状是螨虫寄居区域局部剧烈瘙痒。可以通过长时间（8小时）在身体颈部以下区域外用药物，以杀死螨虫及其卵子，持续8小时。也可以通过口服药物杀死螨虫。
 A contagious, intensely itchy skin condition caused by a tiny, burrowing mite. The most common symptom of scabies is intense itching in the area where the mites burrow. IT can be treated by killing the mites and their eggs with medication that's applied from the neck down and left on for eight hours. The mites can also be killed using oral medications.

06

头癣 Tinea capitis

头癣是由头皮和发干真菌感染所致。头癣的临床症状和体征可能不同，但通常会出现头皮瘙痒，脱屑，秃斑。头癣是一种传染性很高的疾病，在幼儿和学龄儿童中最常见。抗真菌药物，如伊曲康唑，特比萘芬和氟康唑，已被报道为头癣的有效治疗药物。

It is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts. The signs and symptoms of ringworm of the scalp may vary, but it usually appears as itchy, scaly, bald patches on the head. Ringworm of the scalp, a highly contagious infection, is most common in toddlers and school-age children.antifungal medications, such as itraconazole,terbinafine, and fluconazole, have been reported as effective alternative therapeutic agents for tinea capitis.

07

头皮银屑病 Scalp Psoriasis

头皮银屑病患者头皮上皮肤细胞积聚并生成鳞屑、伴瘙痒、脱屑。最常见的症状是皮肤上出现红疹疹，但有时病变可累及指甲或关节。治疗旨在去除鳞屑并阻止皮肤细胞过快生长。局部外用药物，光疗和系统药物可以缓解症状。

A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches.The most common symptom is a rash on the skin, but sometimes the disease involves the nails or joints.Treatment aims to remove scales and stop skin cells from growing so quickly. Topical ointments, light therapy, and medications can offer relief.

08

特应性皮炎（湿疹）Atopic dermatitis（eczema）

特应性皮炎（湿疹）是一种慢性皮肤病，可以在头皮和发际线部位突然发作。特应性皮炎被认为是一种与免疫系统受损相关的遗传病。头皮湿疹的治疗通常是通过洗发剂、乳膏或凝胶的形式将药物局部外用于头皮。

 It is a chronic skin disease which can flare-up on the scalp and in the hairline. Atopic Dermatitis is a genetic condition thought to be linked to a compromised immune system. Treatments for scalp eczema usually come in the form of a shampoo or a cream or gel to apply to the scalp.

综上所述，头皮瘙痒的病因很多。如果头皮瘙痒严重、影响生活，要及时到正规医院就诊。不知所措的宝宝，可以到挂号来看张江林教授哦～