膝盘状半月板撕裂,是否可以全愈合?

2018年08月09日 7828人阅读 返回文章列表

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描述:膝盖半月板部分切除和缝合时间:2012-05-05 至 0000-00-00  科室:未填,未填 描述:膝盖半月板部分切除和缝合时间:2011-12-10 至 0000-00-00  科室:未填,未填大夫您好,我是职业乒乓球运动员。我半月板缝合术后两年时间,现在情况是这样的,目前我很少运动了,平时不运动整天休息的话还会时不时的传出隐隐的疼痛感,反而有时在运动中注意力分散时疼痛好像还没那么明显。您说过我这种疼痛1是由于术后术后半月板功能受限运动相关性引起的痛。2是体部缝合的地方没愈合引发的疼痛。看样子我怀疑第二种可能比较大。您怎么看?还有疼痛有没有可能是手术里面疤痕引起的?广东省中医院骨科许树柴

1.还有没有一丝办法消除隐痛感?如果再次手术是切除半月板没愈合的部分还是全部切除?

2.如果是没愈合部分引发的疼痛,切除后有没可能就好了。

3.关节受限运动相关性引起的疼痛是什么样?

广东省中医院骨科许树柴回复

你好


A discoid meniscus is shaped like a half moon or complete circle, rather than a crescent moon. It occurs on the lateral side (outside) of the knee in about 1% to 3% of the population, and even less commonly on the medial side of the knee. In about 20% of cases, discoid meniscus is found in both knees.

盘状半月板的形状像一个半月或完整的圆,而不是一个新月。人群中发病率约1%到3%,发生在膝关节的外侧,甚至不太常用的内侧。大约20%的人双膝均有盘状半月板。

Types of Discoid Meniscus

盘状半月板的类型

There are three types of discoid menisci:

有三种类型

· Incomplete.The meniscus is slightly thicker and wider than normal.

· 不完全型:半月板比正常略厚和宽。

· Complete.The meniscus completely covers the tibia.

· 完全型:半月板完全覆盖胫骨。

· Hypermobile Wrisberg.This occurs when the meniscofemoral ligament that attaches the meniscus to the tibia is absent. Without this ligament, even a fairly normally shaped meniscus can sometimes slip into the joint and cause pain, as well as locking and popping of the knee.

里斯伯格型:这出现在连接半月板与胫骨的半月板韧带缺失的时候。如果没有这个韧带,即使相当正常的半月板,有时也可滑入关节而引起疼痛,以及出现关节交锁和弹响声。

如下图片是盘状半月板示意图:有完全盘状及不完全盘状。


Discoid Meniscus Injuries

盘状半月板损伤

A discoid meniscus is more prone to injury than a normal meniscus. The thick, abnormal shape of a discoid meniscus makes it more likely to get stuck in the knee or tear. If the ligament attachment to the tibia is also missing, the risk for injury is even greater.

盘状半月板比正常的半月板更容易受伤。盘状半月板的厚度、形态异常使得它更容易陷在膝关节或撕裂。如果连接它与胫骨的韧带也不见了,那受伤的风险就更大了。

Once injured, even a normal meniscus is difficult to heal. This is because the meniscus lacks a strong blood supply and the nutrients that are essential to healing cannot reach the injured tissues.

一旦受伤,即使是正常的半月板也是难以愈合。这是因为半月板缺乏强的血液供应和营养,而这是使损伤组织恢复必不可少的。

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Cause

原因

No one is really sure what causes a discoid meniscus. Some doctors think that because there is an abnormal ligament attachment, the meniscus stretches out while a child is developing (after birth) and a discoid meniscus forms.

导致盘状半月板的原因现在还不清楚。有些医生认为,因为有一个不正常的韧带附着,人出生后,半月板向关节内生长从而形成盘状半月板。

Injuries to the discoid meniscus often occur with twisting motions to the knee. In many cases, however, children who have never experienced a major injury may have locking and popping of the knee.

受伤的盘状半月板常导致膝关节出现扭转运动。然而,许多情况下,没有经历过重大损伤的孩子也可能出现膝关节交锁和弹响声。

Symptoms

症状

The most common symptoms of a discoid meniscus or torn discoid meniscus are:

盘状半月板或半月板撕裂的常见症状是

· Pain

· 疼痛

· Stiffness or swelling

· 关节僵硬很肿胀

· Catching, popping, locking of the knee

· 膝关节出现弹响声和交锁症

· Feeling that the knee is "giving way"

· 关节松动感

· Inability to fully extend (straighten) the knee

· 活动受限

Doctor Examination

检查

Medical History and Physical Examination

病史和体格检查

After discussing your child's medical history and any events that occurred before symptoms started, your doctor will examine your child's knee.

了解你的孩子的病史和任何与症状有关的事件后,医生会检查你孩子的膝盖。

Your child may or may not have tenderness where the bones meet.

你的孩子可能会在关节处有压痛,也可能不会。

To test for discoid meniscus, your doctor will twist your child's knee with the knee bent and straightened. In many cases of discoid meniscus, there is a popping or clunking sensation. This can sometimes even be heard. In extreme cases, part of the meniscus will pop out of the knee joint and can be seen right under the skin.

为检查盘状半月板,医生会让孩子的膝盖屈曲和伸直。如果是盘状半月板,在许多情况下,有弹响声或关节滑动的感觉。这有时甚至可以听到。在极端的情况下,半月板的一部分,将弹出膝关节并在皮肤下可以看出来。

Imaging Tests

影像学检查

X-rays. Although x-rays do not show tears of soft tissues like the meniscus, they can show whether there are other problems in the knee. In addition, because the discoid meniscus is so thick, the space between the femur and tibia on the lateral part of the knee may appear widened on an x-ray.

X射线。虽然X-射线不显示半月板等软组织,但可以显示是否有膝关节的其他问题。此外,由于盘状半月板是如此的厚,可见到关节间隙增宽的X片征象。

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This study can create detailed images of the soft tissues of the knee joint and is the best imaging test for discoid meniscus.

磁共振成像(MRI)扫描。这项检查可以显示膝关节软组织的详细图像,是盘状半月板的最佳影像检查。

The MRI can show the abnormal shape of the discoid meniscus, as well as tears within the meniscus. However, the rare Wrisberg type of discoid meniscus cannot be tested with an MRI scan because the problem only occurs when the patient is moving.

MRI可显示盘状半月板的形态异常,以及半月板撕裂。然而,罕见的里斯伯格型盘状半月板不能用MRI扫描测试,因为只有当病人移动时才会出现。

An MRI study involves lying still for 30-45 minutes. Many young patients require some sedation or anesthesia to complete the test.

核磁共振成像需静卧30-45分钟。许多年轻的患者需要一些镇静或麻醉才能完成检查。

Treatment

治疗

Sometimes, a doctor discovers a discoid meniscus when evaluating the knee for a different problem. If the discoid meniscus is not causing any symptoms, then specific treatment for it may not be necessary.

When a discoid meniscus is causing pain, popping, or other symptoms, however, your orthopedic surgeon will probably recommend arthroscopic surgery.

有时候,医生在评估膝关节另外的问题时发现了盘状半月板。如果盘状半月板不引起任何症状,那么对于它的具体治疗可能不是必要的。

当盘状半月板引起的疼痛突然出现,或出现其他症状,骨科医生可能会建议关节镜手术。

Surgical Treatment

手术治疗

Knee arthroscopy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures.

膝关节镜手术是最常见的外科手术之一。

During arthroscopy, the surgeon inserts a small camera, called an arthroscope, into the knee joint. The camera displays pictures on a television screen, and the surgeon uses these images to guide miniature surgical instruments.

在关节镜手术中,医生将一个小摄像头,称为关节镜,插进入膝关节。相机会在电视屏幕上显示图像,骨科医生使用这些图像来引导微型手术器械。

Most arthroscopic surgeries are done on an outpatient basis. Patients usually go home a few hours after the procedure.

大多数关节镜手术是在门诊进行的。患者通常在手术后几个小时就可以回家。

Anesthesia. To prevent pain during the procedure, the patient is given anesthesia. Local and regional types of anesthesia numbs just parts of the body, and the patient remains awake. General anesthesia puts the patient to sleep. Most children are given general anesthesia for arthroscopic surgery.

麻醉:以防止在手术过程中出现疼痛,给予患者麻醉。局部麻醉只是麻木身体的一部位,患者保持清醒。全身麻醉使患者入睡。大多数孩子都给予全身麻醉的关节镜手术。

Surgical Procedure. In many cases, the most effective treatment is to remove the part of the discoid meniscus that is torn.

外科手术。在许多情况下,最有效的治疗是去除盘状半月板撕裂的部分。

Some tears of the discoid meniscus can be repaired, rather than removed. In these cases, the surgeon will use stitches to sew the meniscus to the lining of the joint.

盘状半月板撕裂有些是可以修复的,而不用拆除。在这些情况下,外科医生将使用缝合针将半月板缝合到关节的衬里。

Rehabilitation

复原

After surgery, your doctor may put your knee in a brace or a soft bandage wrap. You may need to use crutches for a short period of time. Very young children may need a wheelchair for several weeks because they do not have the balance or strength to use crutches.

手术后,医生可能把你的膝盖用支架或柔软的绷带包裹。可能需要在短时间内使用拐杖。非常年幼的儿童可能需要坐轮椅了几个星期,因为他们不具备足够的平衡性或力量去使用拐杖。

Once the initial healing is complete, your doctor may prescribe physical therapy exercises to restore strength and mobility. These may be done at home or with a physical therapist.

一旦最初的治疗完成后,医生可能会开始要求你进行理疗练习,以恢复力量和流动性。这些可以在家里或在理疗师指导下进行。


Recovery

预后

Most patients return to normal daily activities after arthroscopy for a discoid meniscus. However, if the meniscus was removed, there is a risk for continued pain and, potentially, early arthritis.

大多数患者在关节镜手术后恢复正常的日常生活。然而,如果摘除半月板,有持续疼痛和潜在的、早期关节炎的危险。

Surgeons sometimes recommend that patients avoid sports that overstress the knee with cutting type movements. These include soccer, tennis, basketball, and football.

医生有时会建议患者避免膝关节过度活动。包括网球,篮球和足球。


1.还有没有一丝办法消除隐痛感?如果再次手术是切除半月板没愈合的部分还是全部切除?

答:可能有,不一定。再次手术主要是给个100%的诊断,对于碎裂的部分进行清理,对于可以缝合的可能需要缝合,叫“视情处理”,可能改善,可能进展不大,年轻人是尽量保半月板,而不是完全切除。半月板损伤有些是不能完全治愈的,不一定是医生的技术问题,是病情本身决定的;有些是可以接近痊愈的,难讲,有时需要患者有依从性,有时需要有运气的成分,当然与医生的技术,费用的考虑也有关系。 如果大部愈合,有时患者可能今后需要控制某些运动。

2.  如果是没愈合部分引发的疼痛,切除后有没可能就好了。

答:半月板缝合后愈合的几率大概是68-75%左右,并不代表全愈合,只要缝合后稳定,也不一定需要切除。但是可能运动时有点点疼痛。全切后理论上说就没有“痊愈”好的可能了。但是有些人的耐受力强,近期疼痛不严重,但是远期是有问题的。

3.  关节受限运动相关性引起的疼痛是什么样

答:就像机器齿轮,坏了,有时不能完全咬合好,因为人不能像机器一样完全换新的,即使是异体移植,也不可能是“原配的”,可能适配型不好,有可能排斥;

另外缝合半月板时有线结,或者有不吸收的线栓,或者缝合的半月板箭,是硬物,有的是塑料,有些吸收,有些不吸收,可能也会引起疼痛。有些人认为我花钱缝合了就好了,这是不对的想法,医学上不能像商场购物,3000元买个电视机,一定能买个好的,不行再换个新的,医学上绝大部分只能说功能改善,有进展,大部分比术前好即可。

有时医生说半月板缝合手术很成功,与患者的“期待”是两回事,我们病友期待的是“痊愈/根治”,其实最后可能部分人还是有点点症状的,而不是根治。就像我们栽了一棵树,用了3个支架,支架保护2-3月 ,初始树是活的,一年后是活的才算活了,才算成功了;半月板3月后愈合了,3-6月后自我感觉好了,才能感受是否真活了。另外1年后运动又坏了,这有可能的,好的半月板在运动后也可能会坏,有点象我们家里使用的水管的龙头的垫片,有时我们家的水龙头,使用30年都不坏,但是有时我们买的高档货,几月水龙头里的垫片就坏了,半月板有时就像水龙头里的垫片!!

祝好                                     许树柴

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