脂溢性角化：临床表现、诊断和治疗概览

脂溢性角化病是一种皮肤增生性疾病。它们可能不美观，但是是良性增生。然而，在某些情况下，脂溢性角化病很难与黑色素瘤区别开来。它是一种常见的皮肤病、其特征是良性，无痛，常常表现为类疣状皮损，似乎是“长在皮肤表面”。如果有必要，治疗包括手术或冷冻手术切除。它也称为脂溢性疣和老年疣。

A seborrheic keratosis is a type of skin growth. They can be unsightly, but the growths aren’t harmful. However, in some cases a seborrheic keratosis can be difficult to distinguish from melanoma .It is a common skin disorder that is characterized by benign, painless, often wart-like skin lesions that appears to be 'stuck on.' Treatment, if warranted, involves surgical or cryo-surgical removal. Also known as seborrheic warts or senile warts.

01

脂溢性角化的种类和治疗

Types and Symptoms of Seborrheic keratosis

                                        

脂溢性角化病可能看起来像疣，痣或皮肤癌。它们的外观呈蜡状，看起来好像粘在皮肤上。有些可能看起来像一团棕色蜡滴。它们的大小可从微小到直径超过3厘米。它们不伴疼痛，但它们可能会发痒或红肿。描述脂溢性角化病时需要考虑四个方面：

位置：生长最常见于头皮，肩部，胸部，腹部或背部。它们不会出现在脚底或手掌上。

纹理：病变通常从小而粗糙的肿块开始，逐渐变厚并形成疣状表面。它们有时会出现蜡状并表现为“粘在皮肤表面”。

形状：通常为圆形或椭圆形。

颜色：大多数是棕色的，但它们可以是黄色，黑色或白色。病变很少疼痛，但取决于它们的位置，可能给人造成困扰。重要的是不要刺激或刮擦它们，因为这会导致出血，肿胀和可能的感染。

Seborrheic keratoses may look like warts, moles, or skin cancer. Their appearance is waxy, and they look as if they are stuck onto the skin. Some may look like a blob of brown candle wax. They can range in size from tiny to over 3 centimeters across. They are not painful, but they may itch or become irritated. There are four dimensions to consider when describing seborrheic keratosis:                                

Location: The growths are most commonly found on the scalp, shoulder, chest, abdomen, or back.                                             

Texture: Lesions usually start off as small, rough bumps, and they gradually get thicker and develop a warty surface. They can sometimes appear waxy and "stuck on."                            

Shape: They are usually round or oval.                                    

Color: Most are brown, but they can be yellow, black, or white.The lesions are rarely painful, but they can be annoying, depending on their position. It is important not to pick or scratch them as this can lead to bleeding, swelling, and, potentially, infection.

02

脂溢性角化如何诊断？Diagnosis

在大多数情况下，皮肤科医生可以通过肉眼判断您的皮肤是否是脂溢性角化病。有时，脂溢性角化病可能看起来像皮肤癌。如果是这样，皮肤科医生将皮损切除，以便可以在显微镜下观察。这是确定皮损是否是皮肤癌的唯一方法。

In most cases, a dermatologist can tell if your skin growth is a seborrheic keratosis by looking at it. Sometimes, a seborrheic keratosis can look like a skin cancer. If it does, the dermatologist will remove the growth so that it can be looked at under a microscope. This is the only way to tell for sure whether a growth is skin cancer.

03

脂溢性角化如何治疗？Treatments

因为脂溢性角化病是良性的，它们通常不需要治疗。皮肤科医生可能会因为皮损类似皮肤癌，位于间擦部位或者是影响美观而切除皮损。如果皮损看起来像皮肤癌，你的皮肤科医生可能会手术切除。然后通过显微镜检判断皮损是否有肿瘤细胞。

其他治疗方法包括：电外科和刮除术：电外科（电烙术）涉及麻醉和使用电流来破坏生长，或者用刀片刮除皮损。患者不需要缝线。可能有少量出血。有时患者只需要电外科手术或仅需要刮除术。

愈后去除脂溢性角化病后，皮肤可能比周围皮肤颜色浅。这通常随着时间而消退，偶尔是永久性色素减退。大多数切除的脂溢性角化病不会复发。但是其他地方可能会出现新的皮损。

Because seborrheic keratoses are harmless, they most often do not need treatment. A dermatologist may remove a seborrheic keratosis when it is  Looks -like a skin cancer,Gets caught on clothing or jewelry, becomes irritated easily ,Seems unsightly to a patient .If the growth looks like skin cancer, your dermatologist will likely shave off the growth with a blade or scrape it off. This will allow a specially trained doctor to look for skin cancer cells under microscope.    Other treatments for seborrheic keratoses include: Electrosurgery and curettage: Electrosurgery (electrocautery) involves numbing the growth with an anesthetic and using an electric current to destroy the growth. A razor blade is used to scrape off the treated growth. This is the curettage. The patient does not need stitches. There may be a small amount of bleeding. Sometimes the patient needs only electrosurgery or just curettage. 

Outcome -After removal of a seborrheic keratosis, the skin may be lighter than the surrounding skin. This usually fades with time. Sometimes it is permanent. Most removed seborrheic keratoses do not return. But a new one may occur elsewhere.

张江林教授在皮肤良恶性肿瘤的外科治疗方面有丰富的经验。得了皮肤肿瘤，莫惊慌，张江林教授团队为您保驾护航！

Professor Jianglin Zhang is highly experienced in the surgical treatment of benign and malignant skin growth. If you have a skin growth, don't panic！Prof Zhang's team can help you get rid of it!